Method and apparatus for a power-efficient framework to maintain data synchronization of a mobile personal computer to simulate a connected scenario

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method for a power-efficient framework to maintain data synchronization of a mobile personal computer (MPC) are described. In one embodiment, the method includes the detection of a data synchronization wakeup event while the MPC is operating according to a sleep state. Subsequent to wakeup event, at least one system resource is disabled to provide a minimum number of system resources required to re-establish a network connection. In one embodiment, user data from a network server is synchronized on the MPC without user intervention; the mobile platform system resumes operation according to the sleep state. In one embodiment, a wakeup alarm is programmed according to a user history profile regarding received e-mails. In a further embodiment, data synchronizing involves disabling a display, and throttling the system processor to operate at a reduced frequency. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

RELATED APPLICATIONS AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 15/279,294, filed Sep. 28, 2016, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/866,783, filed Sep. 25, 2015, whichis a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/583,408, filedDec. 26, 2014, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,395,806, which is acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/142,730, filed Dec.27, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/551,148, filed Jul. 17, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/230,585, filed Sep. 12, 2011, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 8,224,402, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/786,299, filed May 24, 2010, now issued as U.S. Pat. No.8,019,370, which is a continuation Application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/393,207, filed Mar. 29, 2006, now issued as U.S.Pat. No. 7,725,093, the benefit of and priority to all are claimedthereof and the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

FIELD

One or more embodiments relate generally to the field of integratedcircuit and computer system design. More particularly, one or more ofthe embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for a power-efficientframework to maintain data synchronization of a mobile personal computerto simulate a connected scenario.

BACKGROUND

E-mails are steadily becoming a mainstream mode of communication,between friends, family and especially work colleagues. With thisincreasing reliance on e-mails, it is important to remain constantlyup-to-date with e-mails/online alerts. Today, users of devices such asBlackberry® and Palm Treo® can get e-mail continuously on their devicesthrough a technique called “push e-mail.” However, push e-mail,currently, does not work on notebook computers and many other mobiledevices because it requires a specialized always-on wirelesscommunication sub-system. To stay up-to-date, users of notebooks andother web-enabled mobile devices have to manually establish connectionwith their application servers (web and/or enterprise) and downloade-mails, weather, news and entertainment items one by one. Unlike pushe-mail, where the servers push content to the user's mobile devices,users of notebook PC have to pull information off the respectiveservers.

Conventionally, a corporate executive is required to pick-up his/herlaptop, establish a connection to the Internet, take care ofsecurity/passwords, etc., and then synchronize information one by one.Unless he/she does all of this, he/she is unaware of any importante-mails/critical updates, such as flights delays, meeting changes, etc.Also, when he/she tries to do this, he/she needs to have Internetconnectivity at his/her current location.

Keeping a laptop constantly powered on and connected wirelessly is notfeasible because of power limitations of today's devices. A typicallaptop's battery lasts about five hours. However, almost all mobiledevices today are capable of entering a lower power“Sleep/Standby/Hibernate” state to conserve battery power when not inactive use. To conserve battery power, an individual either would placeshis/her mobile device in the “Standby/Hibernate” state, or the deviceitself, if left idle, enters the state. Unfortunately, during such lowpower states, the device powers down much of the resources of thecomputer system, generally resulting in the loss of network connections.As a result, data on the mobile device does not remain synchronized withsubsequently receive data by a network server.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The various embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by wayof example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of theaccompanying drawings and in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile personal computer (MPC)system including data synchronization logic to enable a power efficientframework to maintain data synchronization of an MPC to simulate aconnected scenario, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram further illustrating data synch logic of FIG.1, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a user interface illustrating implementation of a fixed wakeupschedule for performing data synchronization, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 4 is a user interface for implementing an adaptive wakeup schedulefor performing data synchronization according to one embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating an average number of e-mails received perhour, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a chart showing an average number of e-mails and scheduledwakeups of an MPC system based on e-mail history, according to oneembodiment.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an adaptive wakeup schedule, inaccordance with one embodiment.

FIGS. 8A and 8B provide a power consumption comparison of a throttledCPU to compare adaptive wakeup scheduling to fixed wakeup scheduling,according to one embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for providing apower-efficient framework, while maintaining data synchronization of MPCto simulate a connected scenario, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method for connecting with awireless network, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method for improving powerperformance for a data synchronization scheme based on user e-mailhistory, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a mobile platform architectureto provide a power efficient framework to maintain data synchronizationof a mobile platform computer to simulate a connected scenario,according to one embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating various design representationsor formats for simulation, emulation and fabrication of a design usingthe disclosed techniques.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method and apparatus for a power-efficient framework to maintain datasynchronization of a mobile personal computer (MPC) in a connectedscenario are described. In one embodiment, the method includes thedetection of a data synchronization wakeup event while a mobile platform(MPC) is operating according to a sleep state. Subsequent to the wakeupevent, at least one system resource is disabled to provide a minimumnumber of system resources required to re-establish a networkconnection.

In one embodiment, user data from a network server is synchronized onthe MPC system without user intervention and in a low power state, toprovide the appearance to the user that the MPC system is connected.Once data synchronization is complete, the MPC system resumes operationaccording to the sleep state. In one embodiment, the datasynchronization wakeup event is periodically invoked by programming areal-time clock according to a user history profile regarding receivede-mails. In a further embodiment, synchronizing of system data in thelow power state involves disabling one or more resources of the mobileplatform system, including a display, and optionally throttling thesystem processor to operate at a reduced frequency.

In the following description, numerous specific details such as logicimplementations, sizes and names of signals and buses, types andinterrelationships of system components, and logicpartitioning/integration choices are set forth in order to provide amore thorough understanding. It will be appreciated, however, by oneskilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without suchspecific details. In other instances, control structures and gate levelcircuits have not been shown in detail to avoid obscuring the invention.Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the included descriptions, willbe able to implement appropriate logic circuits without undueexperimentation.

In the following description, certain terminology is used to describefeatures of the invention. For example, the term “logic” isrepresentative of hardware and/or software configured to perform one ormore functions. For instance, examples of “hardware” include, but arenot limited or restricted to, an integrated circuit, a finite statemachine or even combinatorial logic. The integrated circuit may take theform of a processor such as a microprocessor, application specificintegrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a micro-controller, orthe like.

System

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating mobile personal computer (PC)(MPC) system 100 including data synchronization logic 200 to enable apower-efficient framework to maintain data synchronization of MPC system100 to simulate a connected scenario, in accordance with one embodiment.As described herein, an “MPC system” may include, but is not limited to,laptop computers, notebook computers, handheld devices (e.g., personaldigital assistants, cell phones, etc.), or other like battery powereddevices.

Representatively, MPC system 100 comprises interconnect 104 forcommunicating information between processor (CPU) 102 and chipset 110.In one embodiment, CPU 102 may be a multi-core processor to provide asymmetric multiprocessor system (SMP). As described herein, the term“chipset” is used in a manner to collectively describe the variousdevices coupled to CPU 102 to perform desired system functionality.

Representatively, display 130, wireless communication device 120, harddrive devices (HDD) 125, main memory 115, clock 112 and power source(battery) 127 may be coupled to chipset 110. In one embodiment, chipset110 is configured to include a memory controller hub (MCH) and/or aninput/output (I/O) controller hub (ICH) to communicate with I/O devices,such as wireless communications device 120. In an alternate embodiment,chipset 110 is or may be configured to incorporate a graphics controllerand operate as a graphics memory controller hub (GMCH). In oneembodiment, chipset 110 may be incorporated into CPU 102 to provide asystem on chip.

In one embodiment, main memory 115 may include, but is not limited to,random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM),synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate (DDR) SDRAM (DDR-SDRAM),Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) or any device capable of supporting high-speedbuffering of data. Representatively, computer system 100 furtherincludes non-volatile (e.g., Flash) memory 150. In one embodiment, flashmemory 150 may be referred to as a “firmware hub” or FWH, which mayinclude a basic input/output system (BIOS) that is modified to perform,in addition to initialization of computer system 100, initialization ofdata sync logic 200 to enable a power-efficient framework to maintaindata synchronization of MPC system 100 to simulate a connected scenario,according to one embodiment.

MPC systems, such as MPC system 100, laptop computers, notebookcomputers, handheld devices (e.g., personal digital assistants, cellphones, etc.) are often battery powered; and, as such, power consumptionis a matter of concern. Typically, the less power consumed by a mobilecomputing system, the longer the life of the battery that powers thecomputing system. Often, mobile computing systems are built with a“standby mode” and/or a “hibernation mode,” which are collectivelyreferred to herein as “sleep modes/states.” Either of these modessubstantially shut down the activity of the computing system so thatbattery power is conserved.

In “standby mode,” the computing system's “appendages” outside processorcore 102 (e.g., its display unit 130, wireless communications device120, HDD 125) are shut down in response to a corresponding POWER DOWNSIGNAL, while volatile memory within processing core 102 (e.g., externalcache (not shown) system memory 115, etc.) is kept awake (e.g., bycontinuing to clock/refresh and/or otherwise apply power to externalcache and system memory 115). In one embodiment, CPU 102 may also shutdown various internal units so that the processing of applicationsoftware effectively ceases. Standby mode allows the system to conservebattery power consumption (because of the shut down of the appendagesand internal CPU units) and also allows the computing system to rapidlyawake because its volatile memory was not shut down.

In “hibernation mode,” the contents of the volatile memory (e.g., cachesystem memory 115) are first stored to non-volatile memory (e.g., HDD125); and then, the entire system is effectively shut down. Here,typically, greater power savings are realized as compared to the sleepmode because the volatile memory units are shut down. However, it takeslonger for the system to return from hibernation mode to its original,normal, active state because the “state” of the system software at thetime hibernation mode was entered (as represented by the matter that wastransferred from volatile to non-volatile memory) needs to be “reloaded”back into volatile memory (e.g., by reading the state data from the diskdrive and re-storing it back to its original locations in cache andsystem memory 115.)

Unfortunately, during either standby mode or hibernation mode, theutility of a mobile computing system is effectively non-existent becausethe CPU (being shut down) lacks the ability to execute a variety ofinstructions. That is, useful software routines (such as, e-mailretrieval, downloading information from the Internet, etc.) cannot beexecuted. In one embodiment, data sync logic 200 periodically makes anautomatic wireless network connection to synchronize MPC system 100 withany data received by a network server, to simulate a connected scenarioto a user of MPC system 100. As described herein, “data synchronization”or “synchronization” may refer to the downloading of all e-mail/criticalinformation received by a network server to synchronize user data on MPCsystem 100 with user data on the network server without requiring userintervention for access to a network server via a wireless networkconnection.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram further illustrating data synchronizationlogic 200 of FIG. 1, in accordance with one embodiment.Representatively, sync logic 240 operates as a controller to ensure thatdata sync logic 200 periodically makes an automatic wireless networkconnection to synchronize MPC system 100 with any user data received bya network server. In one embodiment, wakeup schedule logic 258 isresponsible for establishing a wakeup schedule when MPC system 100 isplaced into a stand-by/hibernate mode, either directly (by the user) ordue to user inactivity.

In one embodiment, in response to detection of the MPC system 100 in astand-by/hibernate mode, wakeup schedule logic 258 is set a timer tooccasionally wakeup MPC system 100 for synchronization. In oneembodiment, this is performed by programming wakeup trigger logic 250.Wakeup trigger logic 250 receives real-time clock input 112 and based ona timer, issues a data synchronization event. In response to such datasynchronization event, resources disable logic 250 disables at least oneMPC system resource to provide a minimum number of resources required tore-establish a wireless network connection. Once disabled, sync logic240 directs wireless network access logic 242 to establish a wirelessnetwork connection. Once established, sync logic 240 ensures that alluser data on MPC system 100 is synchronized with any newly received userdata on a network server.

Accordingly, referring again to FIG. 1, wireless communication device120 may operate according to a wireless network protocol, such as, forexample, the Institute of Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 Standard(e.g., IEEE Std. 802.11-1997, 802.11a, 802.11e, 802.11n, etc.). In oneembodiment, wireless communications device may operate according to an802.11 Standard for providing a mobile user with a connection to a localarea network (LAN) through a radio frequency (RF) connection. However,it should be recognized that access to a wireless local area network(WLAN) is not limited to the 802.11 Standard, but may includeHyper-Lan2, as well as future potential standards for any point-to-pointwireless link or network. In one embodiment, wireless communicationdevice 120 may provide support for a wireless network protocol forconnection to a wireless wide area network (WWAN).

In one embodiment, wireless communications device 120 may includevirtual private network (VPN) logic 244 for automating access to awireless network without user intervention. Accordingly, in oneembodiment, wireless network access logic 242 (FIG. 2), may beresponsible for scanning all possible networks to make the best possibleeffort to establish Internet connectivity without user intervention.Subsequently, VPN logic 244 may establish a WLAN/WWAN secure connectionto enable synchronization of all the e-mail/relevant information asspecified by a user profile to simulate that MPC system 100 is connectedto a network server. In one embodiment, a user may also be alerted if sodesired before sending MPC system 100 back into a Standby/Hibernatemode. Accordingly, returning the MPC system 100 to a sleep modefollowing data synchronization, and reducing the periodicy of wakeupsfor maintaining synchronization, result in optimized battery lifetime.

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate user interfaces for providing a fixed wakeupschedule 260 and adaptive wakeup schedule 262, as provided by wakeupschedule code 292 of FIG. 1, according to one embodiment. As shown inFIG. 3, fixed wakeup schedule 262 allows the user to select a fixed timefor periodically waking MPC system 100, while in a sleep state, toperform data synchronization, by activating “Check E-mail” button 266.However, to optimize battery lifetime, it is recognized that theperiodicy of the wakeup and synchronization plays a critical role inbalancing the power consumption versus having continuously synchronizeddata. In one embodiment, a scheme is proposed where the periodicy fordetermining/performing data synchronization is governed by e-mailactivity.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, an adaptive wakeup schedule userinterface 262 is provided. In one embodiment, a history profile (CreateProfile 261) may be generated based on e-mail usage to create aheuristic for wakeup times according to when a user is expected toreceive an e-mail message. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, graph 270illustrates the average number of e-mails received per hour based on a24-hour period. Representatively, a user's e-mail history may tell usthat the user rarely receives e-mail between 12:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. Asa result, scheduling a wakeup of MPC system 100 during such times wouldresult in wasted battery life. Conversely, between 8:00 a.m. an 11:00a.m., it is identified that the user receives a high volume of e-mails.Consequently, it is beneficial to wakeup the MPC system more frequentlyduring such period of time to maintain data synchronization. It shouldbe recognized that the e-mail activity pattern may be different fordifferent days of the week and whether or not the user is traveling orin a different time zone.

In one embodiment, adaptive wakeup schedule 262 enables a user to makethe wake schedule more adaptive. Representatively, a user gets to decidewhether the wake schedule is governed more by history or by incominge-mails. If the user wants the wakeup schedule to reflect recentactivity, the schedule may be aggressively updated with each incominge-mail, using Adaptivity 265. For example, MPC system 100 is put instandby mode at 12:00 a.m., and wakeup occurs at 5:00 a.m., less thanone e-mail is expected. If during this duration, four e-mails arereceived, an adaptive wakeup schedule may update to reflect this unusualactivity.

In one embodiment, if Adaptivity 265 is set to be governed more byhistory, the received e-mails are considered as an unusual spike oroutlier and the schedule is not adjusted. On the contrary, if theAdaptivity 265 is set to be governed more by incoming e-mails, theschedule is adapted aggressively and starts waking up more often between12:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. Hence, Adaptivity 265 allows the user to easilyset attributes like adaptivity coefficient and e-mail threshold forwakeups.

FIG. 6 is a sample of what a user's schedule 272 might look like on aMonday, according to one embodiment. Representatively, wakeup times arescheduled to occur for one e-mail on average. Representatively, between1:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m., negligible e-mails are received, whereas anaverage 5.7 e-mails are received between 9:00 a.m. and 9:59 a.m. Hence,wakeups are not scheduled between 12:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m., a wakeup isscheduled every 10 minutes between 9:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an adaptive wakeup schedule, inaccordance with one embodiment. In one embodiment, Adaptivitycoefficient ‘α’, 0≤α≤1 is defined as fraction between completelyhistory-driven (α=0) and completely present-driven (α=1) scheduling. Ifthe user sets α=0.1, the schedule adapts very slowly. If α=0.9, itaggressively adapts the schedule to present e-mail activity, asindicated by the following equation.

New E-mail Count=[(1−α)*E-mail Count from history]+[α*E-mail Count fromPresent]  (1)

Representatively, as indicated by block 275, MPC system 100 went inStandby/Hibernate at 12:00 a.m. and wakeup occurs at 7:36 a.m. Fromhistory (see Table 272 (FIG. 6)), we expect one e-mail to arrive bythen. Instead, as indicated by block 276, three e-mails are received at6:10 a.m., 6:15a.m. and 6:42 a.m. For the 6:00 a.m.-7:00 a.m. slot, theE-mail Count from History was 0.2 (see FIG. 6), and the E-mail Countfrom Present is 3. In one embodiment, history-driven scheduling (sayα=0.1) changes the E-mail count for 6 am to 0.48 from 0.2, as indicatedby block 279. Conversely, as indicated by block 278, present-drivenscheduling (say α=0.9) changes the E-mail count for 6 am to 2.72 from0.2.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, data sync logic 200 of FIG. 2 enablesMPC system 100 to periodically make an Internet/WLAN/WWAN connection, ifavailable, to perform data synchronization without user intervention. Inone embodiment, once MPC system 100 is in place into a Standby/Hibernatemode, a timer is set to occasionally wake MPC system 100 for automaticsynchronization. As a result, power is saved by primarily keeping theMPC system 100 in low power sleep mode, while synchronization isperformed by waking up MPC system 100 occasionally. Accordingly,subsequent to placing MPC system 100 into a sleep mode, when the userreturns to awaken the MPC system 100 from sleep mode, the user willdiscover that all e-mail/critical information is synchronized on MPCsystem 100 without having to make an Internet connection, even in aplace where Internet connectivity is unavailable to simulate theconnected scenario.

In one embodiment, the time for which a mobile device can remain activeis extended by reducing its power consumption while it is beingpowered-on. The power consumption of a mobile device is proportional tothe operating frequency of its processor. Hence, a processor operatingat a higher frequency consumes more battery power than a processor at alower frequency. Most of the newer processors are capable of changingtheir operating frequency and allow the system BIOS or operating system(OS) 116 (FIG. 1) to control the operating frequency. However, bydefault an OS forces the processor to operate at or near full frequencyto get better performance and user experience. Therefore, the user doesnot benefit from the processor's in-built capabilities.

Retrieving e-mail messages is a very computationally simple application,one which does not require the device to operate at full power. Also,the operational speed of the processor is not the primary bottle neckfor e-mail retrieval from a remote server because factors like networkbandwidth, network latency and server availability play a far moresignificant role. Accordingly, in one embodiment, MPC system 100, whichis being automatically powered-on to retrieve e-mail messages, is causedto run at the lowest possible processor speed to achieve improved powerutilization.

Referring again to FIG. 1, MPC system 100 includes speedstep logic 104,according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, speedstep logic 104enables MPC system to further conserve battery life by providing variousprocessor operating frequencies, as well as voltages referred to hereinas “power state conditions.” Accordingly, in one embodiment, speedsteplogic 104 may direct CPU 102 to reduce the operating speed, as well aslower system voltage, to provide a battery-optimized mode, referred toherein as “CPU throttling.” In contrast to conventional processors,speedstep logic enables the throttling of CPU 102 following wakeup froma standby C3 state.

The second major drain on battery power in mobile devices is the liquidcrystal display (LCD) screen. If the process of retrieving e-mailmessages can be done without any user interaction, then the LCD screendoes not need to be switched on during the retrieval process. This, inturn, would lead to an improvement in battery performance.

In one embodiment, when the user puts the device in a low power‘Sleep/Hibernate’ state to indicate that the device will no longer beactively used, the device is periodically brought up from the low powerstate to retrieve e-mail messages. In one embodiment, the processor'sspeed is forced to remain at the lowest possible level while theapplication uses an automated e-mail retrieval process, referred toherein as “CPU throttling,” which may be activated by “Throttle CPU”button 268 of UI 260/262 of FIGS. 3 and 4. In a further embodiment, thedisplay 130 (FIG. 1) is also forced to remain off during this process.The device is then put back into the low power state until the userresumes normal operation or until the next automatic synchronizationwindow opens.

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate graphs 280/286 for comparing powerconsumption based on regular intervals with CPU throttling andsynchronization based on adaptive scheduling with CPU throttling. Asshown in FIG. 8A, synchronization is performed at regular intervals,such as, for example, every ten minutes. Based on a wakeup interval often minutes, a total of 144 wakeups are performed in one day.Conversely, by scheduling wakeups according to e-mail activity, a numberof wakeups may be determined as a minimum of 144 wakeups per day versusa sum of the number of e-mails per day.

Representatively, throttling of the CPU provides a ten percent powerreduction over non-throttled embodiments. Furthermore, disabling of anLCD 130 (FIG. 1) saves approximately thirty percent power consumptionover embodiments where the LCD remains on. Adaptive scheduling savesapproximately 55 percent to 62 percent power savings versus periodicsynchronization performed every 10 minutes.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, data synchronization logic 200 maintainssynchronization of user critical information and does so in a powerefficient manner, to simulate a connected scenario for MPC system 100.In one embodiment, the data synchronization logic 200 brings push-stylee-mail functionality in a PC architecture-based platform.Conventionally, this feature is only available in handheld devices thathave an always on communications subsystem. Procedural methods forimplementing one or more of the above-described embodiments are nowprovided.

Operation

Turning now to FIG. 9, the particular methods associated with variousembodiments are described in terms of computer software and hardwarewith reference to a flowchart. The methods to be performed by acomputing device (e.g., an MPC system) may constitute state machines orcomputer programs made up of computer-executable instructions. Thecomputer-executable instructions may be written in a computer programand programming language or embodied in firmware logic. If written in aprogramming language conforming to a recognized standard, suchinstructions can be executed in a variety of hardware platforms and forinterface to a variety of operating systems.

In addition, embodiments are not described with reference to anyparticular programming language. It will be appreciated that a varietyof programming languages may be used to implement embodiments asdescribed herein. Furthermore, it is common in the art to speak ofsoftware, in one form or another (e.g., program, procedure, process,application, etc.), as taking an action or causing a result. Suchexpressions are merely a shorthand way of saying that execution of thesoftware by a computing device causes the device to perform an action orproduce a result.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 for a power-efficientframework to maintain data synchronization of a mobile personal computerto simulate the connected scenario, in accordance with one embodiment.In the embodiments described, examples of the described embodiments aremade with reference to FIGS. 1-8B. However, the described embodimentsshould not be limited to the examples provided to limit the scopeprovided by the appended claims.

Referring again to FIG. 9, at process block 302, it is determinedwhether an MPC system, such as MPC system 100 as shown in FIG. 1, hasgone into a standby/hibernate mode. In one embodiment, suchfunctionality may be performed by data synchronization code 290 incombination with operating system 116. Conventionally, OS 116 broadcastsa message to applications if either the user or inactivity has causedMPC system 100 to go into a standby/hibernate mode. When such eventoccurs, OS 116 (FIG. 1) may broadcast a message to all applications.Accordingly, in one embodiment, data sync code 290 (FIG. 1) remainsdormant until a message is broadcast that the system will go into astandby/hibernate mode.

Referring again to FIG. 9, at process block 304, in response tostandby/hibernate detection, data sync code 209 may set up a systemwakeup timer according to e-mail activity and allow MPC system 100 to goto sleep. Assuming the user does not cause MPC system 100 to wakeup, atprocess block 306, a wakeup alarm may be detected. Once detected, atleast one resource of MPC system 100 is disabled/altered. For example,in one embodiment, display 130 of MPC system 100 may be disabled. Inaddition, data sync code 200 may cause CPU 102 to operate according to areduced frequency, such as, for example, a minimum frequency by usingspeedstep logic 104.

Referring again to FIG. 9, at process block 308, MPC system 100 loads OS116 with a throttled CPU. At process block 310, MPC system 100 mayattempt to establish a wireless network connection through a wirelesswide area network (WWAN) or a wireless local area network (WLAN) atprocess block 320. At process block 320, failure to connect to a WWANwill cause MPC system to establish a WLAN connection. Accordingly, MPCsystem 100 may establish either a WWAN connection or a WLAN connection.

Based on such connection, using, for example, VPN logic 244, at processblock 322, MPC system 100 may establish a hands-free connection to aVPN. Once established, at process block 330, e-mails, calendars andother files may be downloaded on MPC system 100 to enablesynchronization between the MPC system 100 and a network server. Atprocess block 332, the user may be optionally notified if unread e-mailsare detected. Subsequently, a next wakeup alarm is set at process block340 and MPC system 100 is allowed to return to the standby/hibernatestate at process block 342.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart for a method 400 for performing a wirelessnetwork connection without user intervention, according to oneembodiment. At process block 401, control resumes to process block 402,where a wait state is encountered. At process block 410, it isdetermined whether a virtual private network (VPN) is available. If theVPN is available, data synchronization is automatically performed atprocess block 440. Conversely, if the VPN is not available, at processblock 420, a wireless local area network connection is established. Ifestablished successfully, at process block 422, a VPN connection isattempted by using a soft identification.

Subsequently, at process block 424, it is determined whether a VPNconnection is successfully established. When such is established,control flow transitions to process block 440. Otherwise, access via awireless wide area network (WWAN) is performed at process block 426.Subsequently, at process block 430, if a WWAN connection is established,connection to a VPN is performed at process blocks 432 and 434.Subsequent to data synchronization, at process block 440, control flowbranches to process block 450, where the MPC system is allowed to returnto a sleep mode.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 10, twenty seconds should be allowed toestablish the WLAN connection at process block 428 to check if WLAN isconnected and if the wireless card is catching a service set identifier(SSID) for the WLAN, which is determined at process block 426. If theconnection is still not made, the WLAN may be dialed up. Accordingly,checks are made to determine if a network connection is available byscanning all network devices for an Internet protocol (IP) addresses andusing, for example, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) service. Ifa network connection is unavailable, MPC system 100 may be sent back tosleep.

In one embodiment, once a connection is established, a VPN client may beloaded. In one embodiment, the VPN client waits for a “secure IDauthentication” window and throws the soft ID keystrokes at processblock 422. Once the VPN connection has been established, datasynchronization may be performed by identifying, for example, any newmessages without launching, for example, an e-mail interface. In oneembodiment, this process is performed while the user is inactive and thedisplay is shut down with the CPU throttled to a lowest frequency modeto save power and avoid thermal issues. In one embodiment, VPNconfiguration is performed by activating the “HandsFree VPN” button 264of UI 260/262 of FIGS. 3 and 4.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method 500 for combining datasynchronization according to e-mail activity with further power savingtechniques, according to one embodiment. Accordingly, at process block502, it is determined whether a system wakeup is detected. In oneembodiment, system wakeup, according to programming of a timer based onreal-time clock 112 may be performed by wakeup schedule code 292, whichmay be referred to herein as a “data synchronization wakeup event.”Accordingly, at process block 510, it is determined whether a datasynchronization wakeup event is detected. When such is detected, forexample, by the detection of the alarm, data synchronization logic 200may disable a display 130 (FIG. 1) at process block 512.

Referring again to FIG. 11, at process block 514, CPU 102 may bethrottled to a lowest possible frequency using, for example, speedsteplogic 104. At process block 520, an Internet connection may beestablished, for example, as shown in FIG. 10. At process block 530,synchronization of e-mails is performed and a next wakeup time iscomputed. At process block 540, a determination may be made as to thebattery level and whether the battery life is above a predeterminedthreshold. In one embodiment, if the battery life is below thepredetermined threshold, MPC system 100 may be returned to the hibernateand the automatic synchronization terminated. Conversely, if the batterylevel is above the predetermined threshold, the MPC system is returnedto the sleep/hibernate state with the next wakeup time programmedaccording to the clock 112, as shown in FIG. 1.

In one embodiment, when the system wakes up from a sleep state, itstarts the connection and e-mail download process for e-mailsynchronization; however, MPC system may keep track of the systemtemperature using, for example, a skin temperature sensor. There couldbe cases where the MPC system wakes up inside a laptop bag where thereis poor ventilation, causing the MPC system to heat up. In oneembodiment, the MPC system sets a future wake-up notification andpromptly puts the MPC system back to the sleep state to protect the MPCsystem from overheating.

FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer system thatmay use an embodiment of a power-efficient framework to maintain datasynchronization of a mobile personal computer to simulate a connectedscenario, according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, computersystem 600 comprises a communication mechanism or bus 608 forcommunicating information, and an integrated circuit component such as amain processing unit 602 coupled with bus 608 for processinginformation. One or more of the components or devices in the computersystem 600 such as the main processing unit 602 or a chipset 610 may usean embodiment of the data synchronization logic (DSL) 200. The mainprocessing unit 602 may consist of one or more processor cores workingtogether as a unit.

Computer system 600 further comprises a random access memory (RAM) orother dynamic storage device 615 (referred to as main memory) coupled tobus 608 for storing information and instructions to be executed by mainprocessing unit 602. Main memory 615 also may be used for storingtemporary variables or other intermediate information during executionof instructions by main processing unit 602.

Firmware 619 may be a combination of software and hardware, such asElectronically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) that has theoperations for the routine recorded on the EPROM. The firmware 619 mayembed foundation code, basic input/output system code (BIOS), or othersimilar code. The firmware 619 may make it possible for the computersystem 600 to boot itself.

Computer system 600 also comprises a read-only memory (ROM) and/or otherstatic storage device 618 coupled to bus 608 for storing staticinformation and instructions for main processing unit 602. The staticstorage device 618 may store OS level and application level software.

Computer system 600 may further be coupled to or have an integraldisplay device 630, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), coupled to bus 608 for displaying information to acomputer user. A chipset may interface with the display device 630.

An alphanumeric input device (keyboard) 632, including alphanumeric andother keys, may also be coupled to bus 608 for communicating informationand command selections to main processing unit 602. An additional userinput device is cursor control device 633, such as a mouse, trackball,trackpad, stylus, or cursor direction keys, coupled to bus 608 forcommunicating direction information and command selections to mainprocessing unit 602, and for controlling cursor movement on a displaydevice 630. A Chipset may interface with the input/output devices.

Another device that may be coupled to bus 608 is a power supply such asa battery and Alternating Current adapter circuit. Furthermore, a soundrecording and playback device, such as a speaker and/or microphone (notshown) may optionally be coupled to bus 608 for audio interfacing withcomputer system 600. Another device that may be coupled to bus 608 is awireless communication module 620. The wireless communication module 620may employ a Wireless Application Protocol to establish a wirelesscommunication channel. The wireless communication module 620 mayimplement a wireless networking standard, such as the 802.11 Standard.

In one embodiment, the software used to facilitate the routine can beembedded onto a machine-readable medium. A machine-readable mediumincludes any mechanism that provides (i.e., stores and/or transmitsinformation in a form accessible by a machine (e.g., a computer, networkdevice, personal digital assistant, manufacturing tool, any device witha set of one or more processors, etc.). For example, a machine-readablemedium includes recordable/non-recordable media (e.g., read only memory(ROM) including firmware; random access memory (RAM); magnetic diskstorage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; etc.), aswell as electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagatedsignals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.);etc.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating various representations orformats for simulation, emulation and fabrication of a design using thedisclosed techniques. Data representing a design may represent thedesign in a number of manners. First, as is useful in simulations, thehardware may be represented using a hardware description language, oranother functional description language, which essentially provides acomputerized model of how the designed hardware is expected to perform.The hardware model 710 may be stored in a storage medium 700, such as acomputer memory, so that the model may be simulated using simulationsoftware 720 that applies a particular test suite 730 to the hardwaremodel to determine if it indeed functions as intended. In someembodiments, the simulation software is not recorded, captured orcontained in the medium.

In any representation of the design, the data may be stored in any formof a machine readable medium. An optical or electrical wave 760modulated or otherwise generated to transport such information, a memory750 or a magnetic or optical storage 640, such as a disk, may be themachine readable medium. Any of these mediums may carry the designinformation. The term “carry” (e.g., a machine readable medium carryinginformation) thus covers information stored on a storage device orinformation encoded or modulated into or onto a carrier wave. The set ofbits describing the design or a particular of the design are (whenembodied in a machine readable medium, such as a carrier or storagemedium) an article that may be sealed in and out of itself, or used byothers for further design or fabrication.

Alternate Embodiments

It will be appreciated that, for other embodiments, a different systemconfiguration may be used. For example, while the system 100 includes asingle CPU 102, for other embodiments, a multiprocessor system (whereone or more processors may be similar in configuration and operation tothe CPU 102 described above) may benefit from the power-efficientframework to maintain data synchronization of a mobile personal computer(MPC) in a connected scenario of various embodiments. Further differenttype of system or different type of computer system such as, forexample, a server, a workstation, a desktop computer system, a gamingsystem, an embedded computer system, a blade server, etc., may be usedfor other embodiments.

Elements of the described embodiments of the present invention may alsobe provided as a machine-readable medium for storing themachine-executable instructions. The machine-readable medium mayinclude, but is not limited to, flash memory, optical disks, compactdisks-read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile/video disks (DVD)ROM, random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory(EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM),magnetic or optical cards, propagation media or other type ofmachine-readable media suitable for storing electronic instructions. Forexample, embodiments described may be downloaded as a computer programwhich may be transferred from a remote computer (e.g., a server) to arequesting computer (e.g., a client) by way of data signals embodied ina carrier wave or other propagation medium via a communication link(e.g., a modem or network connection).

It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to“one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the present invention.Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or morereferences to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternativeembodiment” in various portions of this specification are notnecessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, theparticular features, structures or characteristics may be combined assuitable in one or more embodiments.

In the above detailed description of various embodiments, reference ismade to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and inwhich are shown by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specificembodiments that may be practiced. In the drawings, like numeralsdescribe substantially similar components throughout the several views.The embodiments illustrated are described in sufficient detail to enablethose skilled in to the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein.Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such thatstructural and logical substitutions and changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of this disclosure. The following detaileddescription, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and thescope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims,along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims areentitled.

Having disclosed embodiments and the best mode, modifications andvariations may be made to the disclosed embodiments while remainingwithin the scope of the embodiments as defined by the following claims.

1. (canceled)
 2. Non-transitory machine-readable storage media havingmachine executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or moremachines to perform operations comprising: enable a fetch option inresponse to a user command, wherein the fetch option is different andseparate from a power switch, and wherein the fetch option is availableon a graphical user interface (GUI) and is to enable checking andreceiving of first new information; check with a server whether firstnew information is available for an application in response toenablement of the fetch option, wherein the operation to check with theserver is to occur by communication through a wireless transceiver whena display is off; receive the first new information from the server inresponse to the check; issue a notification to a system component whenthe first new information is received; wake up, at a pre-configuredtime, at least part of a mobile device from a low power state;subsequent to waking up at least part of the mobile device, establish aVirtual Private Network (VPN) connection with a computing device withoutrequiring user intervention; check, via the established VPN connectionwith the computing device, for second new information associated withone or more applications of the mobile device; and update dataassociated with the one or more applications with the second newinformation.
 3. Non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim2, having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause theone or more machines to perform operations comprising: allow a displayof the mobile device to be off and a lid of the mobile device to beclosed, while performing the operations of waking up, establish a VPN,checking for the second new information, updating the data, reading thetemperature, and putting the mobile device back to low power state. 4.The non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 2 havingmachine executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one ormore machines to perform an operation comprising: check availablenetworks to connect to the Internet.
 5. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage media of claim 2 wherein to cause to wake up atleast part of the mobile device from the low power state, theinstructions cause the one or more machines to wake up at least part ofthe mobile device from the low power state at the pre-configured time,at least in part in response to a determination that a battery level ofthe mobile device is above a threshold.
 6. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage media of claim 2, having machine executableinstructions that, when executed, cause the one or more machines toperform operations comprising: read a temperature of the mobile device;put the mobile device back to the low power state if: the temperature isabove the predefined temperature, or the updating of data is complete;and
 7. The non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 2having machine executable instructions that, when executed, cause theone or more processors to perform an operation comprising: display atleast two or more options for setting a frequency of checking with theserver whether the second new information is available.
 8. The one ormore non-transitory machine-readable storage media of claim 1 havingmachine executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one ormore machines to perform an operation comprising: terminate theoperations of checking via the established VPN with the computing devicefor the second new information associated with one or more applicationsof the mobile device, and of updating data associated with the one ormore applications when it is determined that a battery level is below athreshold level.
 9. The non-transitory machine-readable storage media ofclaim 2, wherein the operations to check for the first information,receive, and issue are to be performed automatically when the fetchoption is enabled.
 10. A mobile device comprising: a display; anantenna; and a system on chip (SOC) communicatively coupled to thedisplay and the antenna, wherein the SOC is to: enable a fetch option inresponse to a user command, wherein the fetch option is different andseparate from a power switch, and wherein the fetch option is availableon a graphical user interface (GUI) and is to enable checking andreceiving of first new information; check with a server whether firstnew information is available for an application in response toenablement of the fetch option, wherein the operation to check with theserver is to occur by communication through a wireless transceiver whena display is off; receive the first new information from the server inresponse to the check; issue a notification to a system component whenthe first new information is received; wake up, at a pre-configuredtime, at least part of a mobile device from a low power state;subsequent to waking up at least part of the mobile device, establish aVirtual Private Network (VPN) connection with a computing device withoutrequiring user intervention; check, via the established VPN connectionwith the computing device, for second new information associated withone or more applications of the mobile device; and update dataassociated with the one or more applications with the second newinformation.
 11. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the SOC is to:allow a display of the mobile device to be off and a lid of the mobiledevice to be closed, while performing the operations of waking up,establish a VPN, checking for the second new information, updating thedata, reading the temperature, and putting the mobile device back to lowpower state.
 12. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the SOC is to:check available networks to connect to the Internet.
 13. The mobiledevice of claim 10 wherein to cause to wake up at least part of themobile device from the low power state, the SOC is to wake up at leastpart of the mobile device from the low power state at the pre-configuredtime, at least in part in response to a determination that a batterylevel of the mobile device is above a threshold.
 14. The mobile deviceof claim 10, wherein the SOC is to: read a temperature of the mobiledevice; put the mobile device back to the low power state if: thetemperature is above the predefined temperature, or the updating of datais complete; and
 15. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the SOC isto: display at least two or more options for setting a frequency ofchecking with the server whether the second new information isavailable.
 16. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the SOC is to:terminate the operations of checking via the established VPN with thecomputing device for the second new information associated with one ormore applications of the mobile device, and of updating data associatedwith the one or more applications when it is determined that a batterylevel is below a threshold level.
 17. The mobile device of claim 10,wherein the SOC is to check for the first information, receive, andissue automatically when the fetch option is enabled.
 18. A methodcomprising: enabling a fetch option in response to a user command,wherein the fetch option is different and separate from a power switch,and wherein the fetch option is available on a graphical user interface(GUI) and is to enable checking and receiving of first new information;checking with a server whether first new information is available for anapplication in response to enablement of the fetch option, wherein theoperation to check with the server is to occur by communication througha wireless transceiver when a display is off; receiving the first newinformation from the server in response to the check; issuing anotification to a system component when the first new information isreceived; waking up, at a pre-configured time, at least part of a mobiledevice from a low power state; subsequent to waking up at least part ofthe mobile device, establishing a Virtual Private Network (VPN)connection with a computing device without requiring user intervention;checking, via the established VPN connection with the computing device,for second new information associated with one or more applications ofthe mobile device; and updating data associated with the one or moreapplications with the second new information.
 19. The method of claim 18comprising: allowing a display of the mobile device to be off and a lidof the mobile device to be closed, while performing the operations ofwaking up, establish a VPN, checking for the second new information,updating the data, reading the temperature, and putting the mobiledevice back to low power state.
 20. The method of claim 18 comprising:checking available networks to connect to the Internet.
 21. The methodof claim 18 wherein to cause to wake up at least part of the mobiledevice from the low power state, the method comprises waking up at leastpart of the mobile device from the low power state at the pre-configuredtime, at least in part in response to a determination that a batterylevel of the mobile device is above a threshold.